Horse nettle - definition of horse nettle by The Free Dictionary. White horsenettle berries are an ingredient in many poisons, including Mother Darkness, tremble, Silver Sting and bleak venom. Similar plant names are horse-chestnut, a plant related to buckeyes and not in the beech family like edible true chestnuts; horse gentian, which is in the honeysuckle family and not a true gentian in the gentian family; and horseradish, which, though in the same family as radishes, is considerably stronger than them! [6] They prefer full sun, but can tolerate both wet or dry conditions. The berries are initially green and turn yellow as the plant matures. Horsenettle fruit are round berries approximately 3/8 to just over ½ inch in diameter. The stalk and leaves of the weed are covered with tiny thorns, and each stalk produces a white-colored, star-shaped flower in the spring. Adverse Effects. Image of tomato, yellow, plant - 82542356 Interpretation Translation  horse nettle berry Solanum carolinense. Its foliage and egg-shaped red berries are poisonous, the active principle being solanine, which can cause convulsions and death if taken in large doses. Jump to navigation Jump to search. The deep root also makes it difficult to remove. Fatalities have been reported with children[222]. Two-thirds of roots (6-inches long) buried 18-inches … Herb: Horse Nettle Latin name: Solanum carolinense Family: Solanaceae (Nightshade Family, Potato Family) Medicinal use of Horse Nettle: This plant should be used with caution, see the notes above on toxicity. It is a perennial herbaceous plant, native to the southeastern United States that has spread widely throughout much of temperate North America. Immature berries are green, often with dark streaks. Get a 10.010 second close up shot of horse stock footage at 29.97fps. Leaves with pointed lobes (somewhat resembling red oak leaves), with 4 lateral lobes … [9] The caterpillars of the Synanthedon rileyana moth[8] and the Manduca sexta (tobacco hornworm) moth feeds on the plant. Horse nettle definition is - a coarse prickly weed (Solanum carolinense) of the nightshade family with bright yellow fruit resembling berries. Bumblebees pollinate the flowers, and a variety of insects (including predatory beetles that humans consider beneficial) feed on the leaves. Problems in Pastures and Hay Fields Horsenettle is … It can be found throughout North America and produces poisonous berries. The berries are globular, pulpy, juicy and smooth, each from 8 to 20 mm diameter. It is an especially despised weed by gardeners who hand-weed, as the spines tend to penetrate the skin and then break off when the plant is grasped. The aboveground plant tissue dies back after a frost. Potato is also closely related, but it stores a large amount of carbohydrates in its tubers, rendering them edible. Horse_nettle_berries.jpg ‎ (532 × 300 pixels, file size: 19 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File information. The fruits also resemble tomatoes. They have been recommended in the treatment of asthma, bronchitis and other convulsive disorders. Blooms May–October. [9] This plant is also eaten by Leptinotarsa decemlineata (the Colorado potato beetle) and has been recorded as being eaten at very low rates by pupae of an unidentified species of the family Gelechiidae. No edible properties. 3. posted 8 years ago. Define horse nettle. Horse nettle contains solanine, a toxic alkaloid. Flowers in elongated clusters (racemes) at ends of stems, white to purple, about 1 inch across with 5 united petals, forming a five-pointed star with 5 large, yellow stamens protruding. Leaves are alternate, elliptic-oblong to oval, 2.5 to 4.5 inches (6.4 to 11.4 centimetres) long, and each is irregularly lobed or coarsely toothed. Occurs in waste places, rights-of-way, openings in woods, fields, prairies, and other grassy or disturbed areas. The plant produces berries, which start off as pale green in color and turn yellow as the plant matures. Horse nettle's fruits, however, don't store as many carbohydrates, so they contain a comparatively higher amount of the alkaloids, making them toxic to us. The species most commonly called nightshade in North America and Britain is Solanum dulcamara, also called bittersweet or woody nightshade. The plant is also affected by Erysiphe cichoracearum, causing powdery mildew. Horsenettle is low in palatability; therefore, cattle and most other animals will tend to graze around it unless the stocking rate is high and grass is limited. Unfortunately, before we had a chance to photograph the ripe berries, someone had trampled down the horse nettle. We facilitate and provide opportunity for all citizens to use, enjoy, and learn about these resources. Most mammals avoid eating the stems and leaves due to both the spines and toxicity of the plant.[8]. Roof and gutter cleaning you know you want your roof and gutters cleaned.. but who do you call that will do a quality job? Medicinal use of Horse Nettle: The berries and the root are anodyne, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac and diuretic. Horse nettle is not commonly used medicinally today. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. Each berry contains 40 to 120 flat, smooth seed. To gardeners, it is a difficult-to-control weed, but it is also one of our native grassland wildflowers. Flowers in elongated clusters (racemes) at ends of stems, white to purple, about 1 inch across with 5 united petals, forming a five-pointed star with 5 large, yellow stamens protruding. Emergence: Seeds germinate well within 1-inch of the soil surface. Think of all the ferns, grasses, sedges, lilies, peas, sunflowers, nightshades, milkweeds, mustards, mints, and mallows — weeds and wildflowers — and many more! They have tiny, widely spaced spines lining them, and the white flowers droop a little. It does well in disturbed habitats, and many people consider it a weed. The flowers have five petals and are usually white or purple with yellow centers, though there is a blue variant that resembles the tomato flower. It is resistant to many postemergent herbicides and somewhat resistant to broad-spectrum herbicides such as glyphosate and 2,4-D. [3] It has also been found in parts of Europe, Asia, and Australia. It flowers throughout the summer, from April to October (on the northern hemisphere). Solanum carolinense, the Carolina horsenettle,[2] is not a true nettle, but a member of the Solanaceae, or nightshade family. Medical dictionary. Habitats : Dry fields and waste ground, usually in sandy soils[4, 222, 235]. The plant grows to 3 feet (91 cm) tall, is perennial, and spreads by both seeds and underground rhizome. Attention was called to this plant by Porcher (Report on Indigenous Medical Plants of South Carolina) in the middle of the present century, who quotes from a French work (Mérat and De Lens Dictionnaire Univ. Horse Nettle is widely regarded as a weed, with some justication, but it is also one of the native wildflowers of the prairie. Horsenettle (Solanum carolinense L.) Life Cycle: Perennial. This picture was taken in early February at Hart Creek CA. Horse nettle spreads easily by seed and by underground rhizomes and can be a troublesome weed, hard to pull because of its spines and deep roots. Horse Nettle, Carolina horsenettle: Family: Solanaceae: USDA hardiness: 3-7: Known Hazards: All parts of the plant are potentially poisonous[222]. Horse Nettle . Horsenettle (Solanum carolinense), a poisonous member of the nightshade family, is one of the most difficult weeds to eradicate since it resists most attempts at control.Tilling the soil only makes it worse because it brings seeds to the surface where they can germinate. James H. Miller & Ted Bodner, Southern Weed Science Society, Bugwood.org. The berries are initially green and turn yellow as the plant matures. See Adverse Effects. Where soils are disturbed, horse nettle, lacking competition, grows profusely. Though there are other horsenettle nightshades, S. carolinense is the species most commonly called "the horsenettle". Horse nettle is a native perennial with spiny stems and leaves; the fruits are toxic and look like tiny yellow tomatoes. Image of ripe, inedible, carolinense - 82541457 File; File history; File usage on Commons; File usage on other wikis; No higher resolution available. A prominent yellow center contains a group of long anthers. 4K and HD video ready for any NLE immediately. The berries and the root are anodyne, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac and diuretic. Horse nettle, like many plants in the nightshade family, contains solanine, a glycoalkaloid that irritates the oral and gastric mucosa and affects the autonomic nervous system, which controls various internal organs. Captions. Site: Roadsides, fields, waste places, sandy soil. At least thirty-two insects, as well as the meadow vole Microtus pennsylvanicus, have been recorded feeding on this species in Virginia alone. Notice the spines on the stem. Horse nettle is a native perennial with spiny stems and leaves; the fruits are toxic and look like tiny yellow tomatoes. Photo about Poisonous berries of Horse-nettle, Solanum carolinense. EUROPEAN AND MEDITERRANEAN PLANT PROTECTION ORGANIZATION, ЕВРОПЕЙСКАЯ И СРЕДИЗЕМНОМОРСКАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ПО КАРАНТИНУ И ЗАЩИТЕ РАСТЕНИЙ, ORGANISATION EUROPEENNE ET MEDITERRANEENNE POUR LA PROTECTION DES PLANTES, Leaves are alternate, elliptic-oblong to oval, Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution map, "Identification and Control of Horsenettle, Horse Nettle (Solanum carolinense), Illinois Wildflowers. English. Horse nettle is a native perennial with spiny stems and leaves, white to purplish flowers, and toxic fruits that look like tiny yellow tomatoes. The berries contain less of the toxic chemical, solanine, than the rest of the plant, and as a result, herb doctors used the fried orange berries as a sedative and anti-spasmodic. Therefore, horse nettle is not technically a "true nettle"; nettles are in a separate family (the Urticaceae). Photo about Poisonous berries of Horse-nettle, Solanum carolinense. This just recently popped up around some of my newly planted apple trees. [7], These plants can be found growing in pastures, roadsides, railroad margins, and in disturbed areas and waste ground. The beetle Leptinotarsa juncta specializes on this plant, and the beetle Epitrix fuscula (eggplant flea beetle) eats it as well. Because of the intense competition among plants and their root systems, this plant is less aggressive in prairie habitats than in disturbed sites around developed areas. [6], All parts of the plant, including its tomato-like fruit, are poisonous to varying degrees due to the presence of solanine glycoalkaloids which is a toxic alkaloid and one of the plant's natural defenses. [11], Fruits are eaten by a variety of native animals, including ring-necked pheasant, bobwhite, wild turkey, and striped skunk. The stems have scattered white or yellow spines. Michael J. Choose from a wide range of similar scenes. The plant produces round, tomato-like berries that are half an inch in diameter and change from green to yellow as they ripen. In addition, they can also be used for turning the pelts of various gecko subspecies into tanned gecko hide, tanned fire gecko hide, tanned green gecko hide or tanned golden gecko hide. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the Creative Commons CC0 License; all unstructured text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. In fact, herbicide use often selects for horsenettle by removing competing weeds. Very few plants emerge from seeds at depths of 4-inches or greater. Horsenettle can grow as large as three feet tall, and flowers and berries generally appear in late summer and early fall. They have been used in the treatment of epilepsy. Call 1-800-392-1111 to report poaching and arson, More Wildflowers, Grasses and Other Nonwoody Plants. American Indians used leaf tea sore throats or to treat worms; a topical preparation of leaves was used for poison-ivy rash (Foster 1990). Find local MDC conservation agents, consultants, education specialists, and regional offices. The fruits are benefical to wildlife. A berry generally contains 40-170 seeds. Native Americans had medicinal uses for it, but all parts are toxic if eaten, and children have reportedly been killed by eating the fruit. This invasive and difficult weed is native to the southeastern United States and can be found throughout the region. They grow readily in sandy or loamy soils, and may also tolerate a wide range of soil types. Nettles are infamous for the tiny irritating, stinging hairs on their stems and foliage. Bumble bees pollinate the flowers of this species. What eats horse nettle? (Horse-Nettle (Solanum carolinense) - 05) This is a close-up look at some of the horse nettle berries. of horsenettle. Blooms May–October. Manduca sexta moths prefer inbred plants to outbred plants. Video clip id … Horse nettle fruits are smooth berries that resemble tiny yellow tomatoes. Because horse nettle weeds have deep taproots that regrow if left in the ground, killing them requires the use of … Thus, the… Each fruit contains around 60 seeds. The diversity of nonwoody vascular plants is staggering! [12] It can spread vegetatively by underground rhizomes as well as by seed. You may recognize the flower and leaves as bearing some similarities to common garden vegetables like potatoes, tomatoes, and eggplant. File:Horse nettle berries.jpg. They have been used in the treatment of epilepsy. Horse Nettle; Wild Tomato; Phonetic Spelling so-LAN-num kair-oh-lin-EN-say This plant has medium severity poison characteristics. The flowers are star-shaped, white to purple in color, with 5 lobes. Horsenettle is a perennial broadleaf plant that reproduces via the germination of seeds and by their underground rhizomes system. 2011. buckthorn berry; Berthelot reaction (reagent) Look at other dictionaries: white horse-nettle — siauralapis baklažanas statusas T sritis vardynas apibrėžtis Bulvinių šeimos nuodingas augalas (Solanum elaeagnifolium), paplitęs Šiaurės ir Pietų Amerikoje. The root and berries are employed medicinally. The mature berries are yellow, pale or yellowish-orange. Horse nettle is a perennial native that is a member of the potato family of plants. Stems of older plants are woody. Although edible, white horsenettle is poisonous and will inflict a significant penalty to Endurance and Agility, offset by a pitifully weak healing effect and minimal appetite reduction. Beacon in combination with Banvel provided the highest level of horsenettle suppression at 74%,; however, horsenettle populations were not reduced by any of the herbicides applied in this experi-ment when evaluated one year after treatment. The deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) is not in the genus Solanu… horse nettle berry. Horsenettle fruit are round berries approximately 3/8 to just over ½ inch in diameter. They have been used in the treatment of epilepsy. We protect and manage the fish, forest, and wildlife of the state. This page was last edited on 13 December 2020, at 21:10. Perennial herb with prickles; leaves alternate and simple, lobed or coarsely toothed; flower white to purplish, 5-parted; fruit a yellow berry. They grow to about 1 m (39 in) tall, but are typically shorter, existing as subshrubs. Most parts of the plant are toxic if eaten. Fruit a smooth berry, yellow when ripe, like a tiny tomato, which persists through the winter. It is a perennial herbaceous plant, native to the … They will also sort through infested hay bales, … Certain types of birds and some mammals eat seeds from mature fruit, but most mammals avoid them because of their toxic alkaloids. [4][5] The stem and undersides of larger leaf veins are covered with spines. Does not have bristles, but stems and midribs of leaves have yellow prickles. Family: Nightshade or Potato Family (Solanaceae) Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. [11], Parasitic nematodes of the genus Pratylenchus have been found on lesions on its roots, however causing little damage. are yellow. This page was last edited on 18 December 2019, at 12:50. Ashley Handy. They have been recommended in the treatment of asthma, … The word "horse," as a plant adjective, implies something large, strong, or coarse. They are about 2-3 mm diameter and 0.5 mm thick. Previous studies have illustrated that the maximum translocation of herbicides into the roots occurs when horsenettle plants are in the early- to mid-bloom stages of growth (5). Young plant showing leaves and flowers. [10] These two beetles are its two primary herbivores, and can reduce fruit production by as much as 75% relative to plants protected from all insects. A very simple way of thinking about the green world is to divide the vascular plants into two groups: woody and nonwoody (or herbaceous). Can be used as a treatment for poison ivy, sore throat and more. The black nightshade (S. nigrum) is also generally considered poisonous, but its fully ripened fruit and foliage are cooked and eaten in some areas. Carolina horsenettle is considered a noxious weed in several US states. While ingesting any part of the plant can cause fever, headache, scratchy throat, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, ingesting the fruit can cause abdominal pain, circulatory and respiratory depression, or even death. These lower levels of horsenettle control commonly observed in cornfields are often due to a lack of translocation of these herbicides from the foliage to the root systems. Specific solanum carolinense is prepared from the root. [10] Anthonomus nigrinus feeds on the flowers, and Trichobaris trinotata bores into the stems. They are broadly lanceolate or ovate, but rather angular along the margins, which are slightly ciliate. The immature fruit is dark green with light green stripes, turning yellow and wrinkled as it matures. Structured data. What does horse nettle look like? Horse_Nettle_Fruits_Hart_Creek_CA_2-2-20.jpg, Wildflowers, Grasses and Other Nonwoody Plants. Flowers bloom in late-spring to early summer, forming yellow berries containing seeds that shrivel in the fall. Current Medicinal Uses. Leaves smell like potatoes when crushed. The seeds are obovate, flattened and slightly granulose. Horse nettle berries were also once used as a topical treatment for mange in dogs. The alternate leaves are up to 6" long and 3" across, and have short petioles. Range: South-eastern N. America - New England to Florida, west to Texas and South Dakota. They have been recommended in the treatment of asthma, bronchitis and other convulsive disorders. Taxonomically, horse nettle is in the nightshade family (Solanaceae), which is the same family as tomatoes, eggplant, and jimsonweed. "Horsenettle" is also written "horse nettle" or "horse-nettle", though USDA publications usually use the one-word form. Each berry contains 40 to 120 flat, smooth seed. Solanum carolinense, the Carolina horsenettle, is not a true nettle, but a member of the Solanaceae, or nightshade family. de Matière Médicale, Paris, Vol. They are right next to the slope of a fairly steep ditch. Other common names include radical weed, sand brier or briar, bull nettle, tread-softly, Solanum mammosum ("apple of Sodom"), devil's tomato and wild tomato. The thick stands of grasses and forbs in our native prairies compete strongly with this plant, so in its native situation, horse nettle does not overwhelm its neighbors. They are most vigorous and most likely to become weedy or dominate on disturbed sites, but can also be found in less disturbed habitats.[8]. Horse Nettle Solanum carolinense Nightshade family (Solanaceae) Description: This herbaceous perennial plant is up to 3' tall, branching occasionally. Certain types of birds and some mammals eat seeds from mature fruit, but most mammals avoid them because of their toxic alkaloids. Wise, Christopher F. Sacchi, "Impact of two specialist insect herbivores on reproduction of horse nettle, "Insects, Nematodes, and Pathogens Associated with Horsenettle (, "Plants Profile for Solanum carolinense (Carolina horsenettle)", Texas A&M University, AgriLife Research & Extension Center at Uvalde, Carolina Horse Nettle, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Solanum_carolinense&oldid=994048096, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Both surfaces are covered with fine hairs. Medicinal use of Horse Nettle: The berries and the root are anodyne, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac and diuretic. Posts: 108. Horse nettle, which also goes by the formal name of Solanum carolinense, is a perennial weed that grows in tall, vertical stalks that can reach up to 4 feet tall. They persist on the plant through the winter. 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